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In 2016, 38 in 1,000 children under age 5 in Minnesota had a maltreatment report filed during the year, including family assessments, family investigations, and facility investigations. Child maltreatment includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as well as neglect by a parent, caregiver, or another person in a custodial role. Extreme stress related to various forms of trauma can disrupt early development of the brain as well as nervous and immune systems, placing children at risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan.